Tajobsindia (Senior Partner ) 02 December 2012
I differ to the observations of Jstc. of Madras HC in wake of most recent ref.: Rohit Shekhar Vs. Narain Dutt Tiwari & Anr. [FAO(OS) No. 547/2011 Date of decision 27th. April, 2012] and catena of other
The Apex Court interpreting Art. 21 of the COI has ruled that the privacy of a person is not an absolute rule. In a matrimonial case directing the parties to under go medical test, does not offend Art. 21 of the COI. The
The right to privacy has been developed by the Supreme Court over a period of time. A bench of eight judges in ref.: M.P. Sharma v. Satish Chandra [1954 AIR 300, 1954 SCR 1077] in the context of search and seizure observed that:
"When the Constitution makers have thought fit not to subject such regulation to constitutional limitations by recognition of a fundamental right to privacy, analogous to the American Fourth Amendment, we have no justification to import it, into a totally different fundamental right, by some process of strained construction."
Similarly in ref.: Kharak Singh v. State Of
"The right of privacy is not a guaranteed right under our Constitution and therefore the attempt to ascertain the movements of an individual which is merely a manner in which privacy is invaded is not an infringement of fundamental right guaranteed by Part III."
But the right to privacy in terms of Art. 21 of the COI is not absolute right.
In ref.: Govind v. State Of
"Assuming that the fundamental rights explicitly guaranteed to a citizen have penumbral zones and that the right to privacy is itself a fundamental right, that fundamental right must be subject to restriction on the basis of compelling public interest."
To sum up, conclusions are:-
1. A matrimonial court has the power to order a person to undergo medical test.
2. Passing of such an order by the Court would not be in violation of the right to personal liberty under Art. 21 of the COI.
3. However, the Court should exercise such a power if the applicant has a strong prima facie case and there is sufficient material before the Court. If despite the order of the Court, the respondent refuses to submit to medical examination, the Court will be entitled to draw an adverse inference against respondent.
@Beni...
Thanks for a very good piece of information.
@Tajob(Senior...)
It's really a very good analysis by you while referencing various case laws to the point.A nice observation that deserves to be posted within the article section of LCI.
Last but not the least,Thank you to give us a direction towards thinking...