is seccognizabletion 218 offence

Section 218 reads as Separate charges for distinct offences

The object of section 218 is to save the accused from being embarrassed in his defence if distinct offences are lumped together in one charge or in separate charges & are tried together

when this sanction u/se 197 crpc required?

at the time filing complaint?

at the time of filing charge sheet?

at the time of taking cognizance?

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who has to apply for crpc 197 sanction and to whom?   

the victim

or

the police

or

the court(if 156(3) has been filed).