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P Sadagopan (retired)     19 December 2022

Evidence in court

“A” gave a document to “B”. Later a dispute arose between the two and “B” lodged a complaint. Police investigated the case but could not get the document original or copy or even an written acknowledgement from “B”.Now “ A “ denies giving the document to “B”. Prosecution has produced only oral evidence in favour of “B” in the charge sheet. How far court will appreciate the oral evidence. Please clarify.



Quick Summary
This discussion explores the weight a court will give to oral evidence when a crucial document is unavailable. According to the Indian Evidence Act, oral evidence can prove facts, but not the contents of a document. Sections 59 and 60 clarify that while direct personal knowledge makes oral testimony generally admissible, the actual content of a document must be proven by the document itself.

 2 Replies

Advocate Bhartesh goyal (advocate)     19 December 2022

As document is not on record so oral evidence regarding document is not acceptable as per sec 59 of Indian Evidence Act , oral evidence can be used to prove any fact  except the contents of document. The contents of document must be proved by producing the document itself.

Rama chary Rachakonda (Secunderabad/Telangana state Highcourt practice watsapp no.9989324294 )     20 December 2022

Section 59 and 60 of the Act deals with oral evidence. Oral evidence of a witness is generally admissible evidence if he has direct and personal knowledge of the fact deposed by him.


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