Hi Rajiv and Bharati,
I agree with you that this law is not gender-equal. But do read these points ...
The 'Irretrievable Breakdown of Marriage (IrBM) as a grounds for divorce' is agreeable to most, be it the government, or the opposition, or the standing committee or the women's and men's rights groups. Very few have opposed it.
But there were some practical issues last year while passing this Bill.
1) The standing committee in the 45th report tabled on 1st Mar 2011 asked for definition of the term 'grave financial hardship'. The comittee recommended:
"ensure that the courts, while adjudicating on divorce petitions, also decide upon women’s share in the matrimonial property while granting divorce so that they are not deprived of the assets/properties in which they have contributed during the continuance of marriage."
The report clearly mentions in chapter 2, the concerns of various groups that the law is not gender-equal (point 10), that only men are harrassing is not the ground reality (point 7) and this law may lead to extortion by vengeful wifes (point 8). Yet after consideration of these and many other points, they have made the above recommendation.
2) Women's rights groups are far larger and more vociferous than men's rights groups. And it does seem true that in the much larger rural and economically disadvantaged sections of India, women are often at the mercy of their husbands.
3) The BJP and the left although approving of IrBM did not think there were sufficient safeguards for women. Read below article of 8th Mar 2011:
https://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-08/india/28667786_1_irretrievable-breakdown-marriage-laws-divorce-by-mutual-consent
4) Thus, recently the cabinet decided that wives should have a share in the husband's property, but the 'quantum of share, however, will be decided by the courts on a case-by-case basis.'
https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3207627.ece
I think this is quite reasonable. It is better that the court decides the amount (based on both parties' incomes/assets, their dependants: both parents and children, etc), rather than have blanket 50% share that is being advocated by some women's groups.
5) Finally, I feel that the IrBM clause should not be derailed because of these issues. Presently husbands faced with vindictive wives have to pay both money (irrespective of who is at fault!) and many many years of their lives. At least, this way, they will save the years of their lives and face less extortion if the court decides the wife's share. The IrBM clause will be better for women also who can get divorce with reasonable alimony, without needless fault proving and court hassles.
Do let me know your views.
-Aditya.