Judicial and extra judicial confessions

Ms.Usha Kapoor (CEO) 21 June 2017

Although they are extrsa judicial confessions they partake character of Judicial confessions as Forest officers are the only alternative to police force who know interiors of forest any forest law is broken by anyone forest officers have been given powers to arrest and investigate and from them police take over and after interrogation and investigation police will book the \guilty who broke th eForest law can be prosecuted and PUNISHED WITH FINE OR JAIL TERM OR BOTH ACCORDING TO WILD LIFE LAWS.Hence extrajudicial confessions made before forest officers are valid and equivalent to Judicial confessions.

fOREST OFFICERS HAVE BEEN GIVEN POWERS UP TO aRREST AND iNVESTIGATION ONLY. rEAD BELOW.

United States Code

USC most recently checked for updates: May 14, 2017

§ 559b. Prevention of manufacture, etc., of marijuana and other controlled substances

§ 559d. Cooperation with other Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies

§ 559c.

Powers of officers and employees of Forest Service

For the purposes of sections 559b to 559f of this title, if specifically designated by the Secretary and specially trained, not to exceed 1,000 special agents and law enforcement officers of the Forest Service when in the performance of their duties shall have authority to—

(1)

carry firearms;

(2)

conduct, within the exterior boundaries of the National Forest System, investigations of violations of and enforce section 841 of title 21 and other criminal violations relating to marijuana and other controlled substances that are manufactured, distributed, or dispensed on National Forest System lands and to conduct such investigations and enforcement of such laws outside the exterior boundaries of the National Forest System for offenses committed within the National Forest System or which affect the administration of the National Forest System (including the pursuit of persons suspected of such offenses who flee the National Forest System to avoid arrest);

(3)

make arrests with a warrant or process for misdemeanor violations, or without a warrant or process for violations of such misdemeanors that any such officer or employee has probable cause to believe are being committed in his presence or view, or for a felony with a warrant or without a warrant if he has probable cause to believe that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing such felony, for offenses committed within the National Forest System or which affect the administration of the National Forest System;; 1

1

 So in original.

(4)

serve warrants and other process issued by a court or officer of competent jurisdiction;

(5)

search with or without warrant or process any person, place, or conveyance according to Federal law or rule of law; and

(6)

seize with or without warrant or process any evidentiary item according to Federal law or rule of law.

(Pub. L. 99–570, title XV, § 15003, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–191; Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, § 6254(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4363.)

cite as: 16 USC 559c

Rahul Dutta (Widlife Conservation) 22 June 2017

Thank you very much for your reply. However, I hope you will allow me to differ with what you have said. I am not a lawyer so my interpretations may not be absolutely right but would sincerely appreciate if you can throw some light on my querries and observations below on the quoted text.

Originally posted by : Ms.Usha Kapoor

Although they are extrsa judicisal confessions they partake character of Judicial confessions How have you come to this conclusion?

as Forest officers are the only alternative to police force who know interiors of forest any forest law is broken by anyone forest officers have been Forest Laws are not limited to inside the forest its all over the country

given powers to arrest and investigate and from them police take over Sorry it does not work like that. Police do not take over cases from forest or visa versa.. Forest staff has the power to do all necessary action leading to prosecution..

and interrogation and investigation police will prodiuuce th eguilty who broke th eForest law can be prosecuted ND PUNISHED WITH FINE OR JAIL TERM OR BOTH ACCORDING TO WILD LIFE LAWS. Forest staff can do this with no intervention from police. I am not sure where did this came from

Hence extrajudicial confessions made before forest officers are valid and equivalent to Judicial confessions. Can you please elaborate a bit more please?

Thank you once again for your response!

Regards

Rahul

Ms.Usha Kapoor (CEO) 22 June 2017

Dear Rahul Dutta,

Forestb Officers have ppowers up to Arrest and investigaste only. Prosecution and punidshment regular police and courts will see.

Read the following:

United States Code

USC most recently checked for updates: May 14, 2017

§ 559b. Prevention of manufacture, etc., of marijuana and other controlled substances

§ 559d. Cooperation with other Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies

§ 559c.

Powers of officers and employees of Forest Service

For the purposes of sections 559b to 559f of this title, if specifically designated by the Secretary and specially trained, not to exceed 1,000 special agents and law enforcement officers of the Forest Service when in the performance of their duties shall have authority to—

(1)

carry firearms;

(2)

conduct, within the exterior boundaries of the National Forest System, investigations of violations of and enforce section 841 of title 21 and other criminal violations relating to marijuana and other controlled substances that are manufactured, distributed, or dispensed on National Forest System lands and to conduct such investigations and enforcement of such laws outside the exterior boundaries of the National Forest System for offenses committed within the National Forest System or which affect the administration of the National Forest System (including the pursuit of persons suspected of such offenses who flee the National Forest System to avoid arrest);

(3)

make arrests with a warrant or process for misdemeanor violations, or without a warrant or process for violations of such misdemeanors that any such officer or employee has probable cause to believe are being committed in his presence or view, or for a felony with a warrant or without a warrant if he has probable cause to believe that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing such felony, for offenses committed within the National Forest System or which affect the administration of the National Forest System;; 1

1

 So in original.

(4)

serve warrants and other process issued by a court or officer of competent jurisdiction;

(5)

search with or without warrant or process any person, place, or conveyance according to Federal law or rule of law; and

(6)

seize with or without warrant or process any evidentiary item according to Federal law or rule of law.

(Pub. L. 99–570, title XV, § 15003, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–191; Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, § 6254(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4363.)

cite as: 16 USC 559c

forest officers have been given powers up to arrest and investigation only./,

United States Code

USC most recently checked for updates: May 14, 2017

§ 559b. Prevention of manufacture, etc., of marijuana and other controlled substances

§ 559d. Cooperation with other Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies

§ 559c.

Powers of officers and employees of Forest Service

For the purposes of sections 559b to 559f of this title, if specifically designated by the Secretary and specially trained, not to exceed 1,000 special agents and law enforcement officers of the Forest Service when in the performance of their duties shall have authority to—

(1)

carry firearms;

(2)

conduct, within the exterior boundaries of the National Forest System, investigations of violations of and enforce section 841 of title 21 and other criminal violations relating to marijuana and other controlled substances that are manufactured, distributed, or dispensed on National Forest System lands and to conduct such investigations and enforcement of such laws outside the exterior boundaries of the National Forest System for offenses committed within the National Forest System or which affect the administration of the National Forest System (including the pursuit of persons suspected of such offenses who flee the National Forest System to avoid arrest);

(3)

make arrests with a warrant or process for misdemeanor violations, or without a warrant or process for violations of such misdemeanors that any such officer or employee has probable cause to believe are being committed in his presence or view, or for a felony with a warrant or without a warrant if he has probable cause to believe that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing such felony, for offenses committed within the National Forest System or which affect the administration of the National Forest System;; 1

1

 So in original.

(4)

serve warrants and other process issued by a court or officer of competent jurisdiction;

(5)

search with or without warrant or process any person, place, or conveyance according to Federal law or rule of law; and

(6)

seize with or without warrant or process any evidentiary item according to Federal law or rule of law.

(Pub. L. 99–570, title XV, § 15003, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–191; Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, § 6254(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4363.)

cite as: 16 USC 559c

Ms.Usha Kapoor (CEO) 22 June 2017

Dear Rahul Dutta,

Read the following:

United States Code

USC most recently checked for updates: May 14, 2017

§ 559b. Prevention of manufacture, etc., of marijuana and other controlled substances

§ 559d. Cooperation with other Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies

§ 559c.

Powers of officers and employees of Forest Service

For the purposes of sections 559b to 559f of this title, if specifically designated by the Secretary and specially trained, not to exceed 1,000 special agents and law enforcement officers of the Forest Service when in the performance of their duties shall have authority to—

(1)

carry firearms;

(2)

conduct, within the exterior boundaries of the National Forest System, investigations of violations of and enforce section 841 of title 21 and other criminal violations relating to marijuana and other controlled substances that are manufactured, distributed, or dispensed on National Forest System lands and to conduct such investigations and enforcement of such laws outside the exterior boundaries of the National Forest System for offenses committed within the National Forest System or which affect the administration of the National Forest System (including the pursuit of persons suspected of such offenses who flee the National Forest System to avoid arrest);

(3)

make arrests with a warrant or process for misdemeanor violations, or without a warrant or process for violations of such misdemeanors that any such officer or employee has probable cause to believe are being committed in his presence or view, or for a felony with a warrant or without a warrant if he has probable cause to believe that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing such felony, for offenses committed within the National Forest System or which affect the administration of the National Forest System;; 1

1

 So in original.

(4)

serve warrants and other process issued by a court or officer of competent jurisdiction;

(5)

search with or without warrant or process any person, place, or conveyance according to Federal law or rule of law; and

(6)

seize with or without warrant or process any evidentiary item according to Federal law or rule of law.

(Pub. L. 99–570, title XV, § 15003, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–191; Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, § 6254(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4363.)

cite as: 16 USC 559c

forest officers have been given powers up to arrest and investigation only./,

United States Code

USC most recently checked for updates: May 14, 2017

§ 559b. Prevention of manufacture, etc., of marijuana and other controlled substances

§ 559d. Cooperation with other Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies

§ 559c.

Powers of officers and employees of Forest Service

For the purposes of sections 559b to 559f of this title, if specifically designated by the Secretary and specially trained, not to exceed 1,000 special agents and law enforcement officers of the Forest Service when in the performance of their duties shall have authority to—

(1)

carry firearms;

(2)

conduct, within the exterior boundaries of the National Forest System, investigations of violations of and enforce section 841 of title 21 and other criminal violations relating to marijuana and other controlled substances that are manufactured, distributed, or dispensed on National Forest System lands and to conduct such investigations and enforcement of such laws outside the exterior boundaries of the National Forest System for offenses committed within the National Forest System or which affect the administration of the National Forest System (including the pursuit of persons suspected of such offenses who flee the National Forest System to avoid arrest);

(3)

make arrests with a warrant or process for misdemeanor violations, or without a warrant or process for violations of such misdemeanors that any such officer or employee has probable cause to believe are being committed in his presence or view, or for a felony with a warrant or without a warrant if he has probable cause to believe that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing such felony, for offenses committed within the National Forest System or which affect the administration of the National Forest System;; 1

1

 So in original.

(4)

serve warrants and other process issued by a court or officer of competent jurisdiction;

(5)

search with or without warrant or process any person, place, or conveyance according to Federal law or rule of law; and

(6)

seize with or without warrant or process any evidentiary item according to Federal law or rule of law.

(Pub. L. 99–570, title XV, § 15003, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–191; Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, § 6254(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4363.)

cite as: 16 USC 559c

Rahul Dutta (Widlife Conservation) 22 June 2017

Dear Kapoor Madam,

I am here in this forum, to upgrade my knowledge, seek advise and in case possible also contribute to the knowledge base within my limited capacity. I am certainly not here for any wild goose chase that you are suggesting me to. If you had read my original post I have mentioned about the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and provisions thereoff. My querry was based on THAT act. It is an Indian Act. I am sure you know that India is goverened by Indian Acts and not US Acts.

I am not sure and neither interested in knowing what powers US forest officials have but I am confident enough that Indian Forest Officials are adquately empowered to not only carry out investigations but to file their Complaints to the Magistrate and does not require any intervention from the Police whatsoever.

Please kindly avoid misdirecting ameture people like me and contribute when you have enough understanding of the matter which in this case is WPA, 1972 .

Regards

Rahul

Originally posted by : Ms.Usha Kapoor
	Dear Rahul Dutta, Forestb Officers have ppowers up to Arrest and investigaste only. Prosecution and punidshment regular police and courts will see. Read the following: U.S. Code Regulations Constitution Apps United States Code USC most recently checked for updates: May 14, 2017