This document provides comprehensive notes on Public International Litigation, focusing on Module 4. It delves into the concepts of international legal personality, statehood criteria as defined by the Montevideo Convention, and the crucial role of recognition, exploring both the declarative and constitutive theories. The notes also cover the doctrine of non-recognition, recognition of governments, and the international legal personality of various entities like international organisations, protectorates, and individuals. This resource is invaluable for law students and legal professionals seeking a thorough understanding of international law principles.