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John Kuriakose   22 May 2017

Impugned judgement modified without granting leave of appeal

Sir,

This is to seek your kind opinion and advise on  the violation  of law in the  following Order issued by a two judges bench of the Hon’ble Supreme Court:

We do not see any ground to interfere with the impugned order except to direct  that the quantum of payment to be made to the respondent no.1 will be Rs.10,00,000/- (Rupees Ten Lakhs) [instead of Rs. 50 Lakhs]  by the petitioner-college within a period of three months. ...

The special leave petition is disposed of accordingly. Pending applications, if any, shall also stand disposed of.

I am not a law expert, but to my  knowledge, an impugned judgment cannot be modified by the Supreme Court unless leave of appeal is granted to an SLP. But here, an SLP is disposed   reducing  the amount of compensation from  50 Lakhs to 10 Lakhs, without granting leave of appeal,  without assigning any reason, without hearing the parties,  and with no speaking order.  

The  three judges bench in Kunhayammed & Ors. vs. State of Kerala & Anr. (AIR 2000 SC 2587) has laid down the law very clearly that unless leave is granted in a Special Leave Petition, the SLP petitioner shall be outside the gate of entry of appellate arena of this Hon’ble Court, that this Hon’ble Court cannot and does not reverse or modify the decree or order appealed against while deciding a petition for special leave to appeal and that what is impugned before the Supreme Court can be reversed or modified only after granting leave to appeal and then assuming appellate jurisdiction over it.

Also, the  case was posted before the said bench in violation of the Supreme Court of India—Practice and Procedure. Chapter VI, Allocation, Listing of Cases & Cause Lists B. (iii) Subsequent Listings, which reads as under:

In order to ensure that once listed, the matter is heard by the same Hon’ble Judges, the following practice is being followed by the Registry of Supreme Court: (a) On first listing, if a matter is adjourned by a Bench for subsequent hearing(s); it is listed before the Hon’ble Presiding Judge of that Bench, if available at that time. If the Hon’ble Presiding Judge has retired or is not available, the matter is listed before the other Hon’ble Judge, member of that Bench. If both/all the Hon’ble Judges, member of that Bench have retired, the matter is listed through Computer, as per Subject Category.

(b) If notice is issued in a matter, it is listed before the Hon’ble Presiding Judge of the Bench which issued the notice, if available at that time. If the Hon’ble Presiding Judge is not available due to non sitting or retirement, it is listed before the Hon’ble Second/Third Judge Member of the Bench which issued the notice. The same Coram continues till leave in SLP is granted/Appeal is admitted, as the case may, or the matter is dismissed. If both/all the Hon’ble Judges, member of that Bench have retired, the matter is listed through Computer, as per Subject Category.

However, in violation of the procedure of the Hon’ble Court, the matter was posted before a different bench and  it was disposed in the above mentioned manner. The impugned judgment was not even stayed by the judges before whom the SLP first came up for hearing, and that day, the judges had issued the following order: 

The matter abovementioned was listed before the Hon'ble Court on 17th April, 2015 when the court was pleased to pass the following Order:

“Issue notice.

Respondent No.1 appears in person on caveat and accepts notice. Let notice be issued to the other Respondents. Reply, if any, be filed within four weeks. Rejoinder affidavit be filed within two weeks thereafter. The matter be listed on a non-miscellaneous day in the month of July, 2015. Respondent No.1 states that he will not initiate any contempt proceedings till the next date of hearing.”

I have filed a review petition. But is there any constitutional remedy available beyond a review petition and   curative petition?

 

 



Learning

 4 Replies

N.K.Assumi (Advocate)     22 May 2017

Plenary Jurisdictions of Supreme Court opens with a non obstante Clause and is not hedged by any statues. I dont see any defects in the order.It is a Power-Cum-Procedure and jurisdiction-Cum-Procedure.

John Kuriakose   22 May 2017

Thank you for your comment, sir.

But the Bench of Justice J. M. Panchal and Justice H. L. Gokhale asserted the said plenary powers of the Supreme Court, while disposing an  appeal, not an SLP. The bench observed:

There is no reason why the relief cannot be and should not be appropriately moulded while disposing of an appeal arising by grant of special leave under Article 136 of the Constitution.”

According them, such powers are exercised “to meet the demand of justice” ;  “the powers under Article 136 can be exercised by the Supreme Court  in favour of a party evensuo motu when the Court is satisfied that compelling grounds for its exercise exist.”

The judgment says:

When an apparent irregularity is found by this Court in an order passed by the High Court, the Supreme Court cannot ignore substantive rights of a litigant while dealing with the cause pending before it. There is no reason why the relief cannot be and should not be appropriately moulded while disposing of an appeal arising by grant of special leave under Article 136 of the Constitution.”

The order was issued rejecting the contention that the Supreme Court should not do anything which was not prayed for or challenged!

But  doesn’t mean that the Supreme Court can issue such orders even without considering whether whether leave of appeal is to be granted or  not,  without even considering whether the party has approached the court with “clean hands”, and even after recording that "We do not see any ground to interfere with the impugned judgment."

N.K.Assumi (Advocate)     22 May 2017

Sir, you have precisely answered the query in your second post. The power to mould relief has been expounded in catena of cases and we can see the limitation to this power, which is basically one of wisdom and conscience as reported in 2010 (4) SCC. 

Ocean Gay   26 December 2019

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