Dear Sirs,

i would like to know the proper interprtation of section 159 of indian evidence act under which witness is permitted to refer to a document and adduce the evidence.

does it refer to only expert and official witnesses or is it even applicable to mahazar, recovery and eye witnesses??

can the prosecution witnesses who have signed the mahazar be allowed to refer to the document and adduce the evidence???

S. 159 of the Evidence Act is couched in a language recognising the necessity. The section reads thus:

"159. Refreshing memory.- A witness may, while under examination, refresh his memory by referring to any writing made by himself at the time of the transactions concerning which he is questioned, or so soon afterwards that the Court considers it likely that the transaction was at that time fresh in his memory.

thanks a lot mr. suresh